Although we share a genetic blueprint that makes us human, we also have unique variations in our DNA. These variations are as unique as our fingerprints. Scientists know that variations in our genetic sequences can affect everything from how we behave to how we metabolize food or nutrients. For example, you could have a tiny change in a gene sequence that affects how you absorb and break down the nutrients in the food you eat.
The study of individual gene variations and how they affect nutrient absorption is called nutrigenomics. And interest in this field is growing. The reason the interest in nutrigenomics is so strong is that having this knowledge allows us to customize our diet and the foods we eat to maximize health.
The Role of SNPs in Nutrigenomics
To understand nutrigenomics, you’ll need to know what an SNP is. SNP is an acronym for a single nucleotide polymorphism. Your genes are made up of genetic instructions (in the form of DNA or gene sequences), These sequences are a blueprint that tells your cells what proteins to make and how much. These proteins affect factors like what you look like, how you behave, and even how you process nutrients.
Sometimes, people have a change, or mutation, in a portion of a DNA sequence called a nucleotide base. Although modest, such a change can affect enzymes that play a role in how you process foods. It could also affect how you absorb or metabolize certain dietary components. You can think of them as little typos in your genetic blueprint.
For example, a SNP can scale back or increase the activity of an enzyme that breaks down a particular nutrient. As a result, you may respond differently to that nutrient than someone who doesn’t have an SNP.
There are many varieties of SNPs. One of the most common is an SNP in the MTHFR gene. With this gene variation, you don’t absorb folate as well as people who lack this variation. The number of people with SNPs affecting MTHFR ranges from 13.7% to 40% of the population. People who fall into this category are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease and may be at higher risk of autoimmune diseases too.
Another example is people who have an SNP or gene variation in the SLC10A2 gene that affects iron absorption. If you have this SNP, you’re at higher risk of developing iron deficiency anemia. There are also SNPs that affect zinc absorption and the breakdown of various components that you eat, like omega-6 fatty acids.
Nutrigenomics, Health, and Chronic Diseases
Another advantage of knowing whether you have SNPs or gene variations is it can tell you whether you’re at higher or lower risk of certain health problems, like cardiovascular disease or hypertension. A variety of SNPs place people at greater risk of having a heart attack or stroke. Some even have positive connotations.
For example, people who have a SNP in their PPARy gene have better glucose control when they eat a fiber-rich meal. By knowing that fiber can improve your metabolic health, you might consume more of it, knowing that your body responds well to it.
Do You Need Nutrigenomic Testing?
To get nutrigenomic testing, you could consult a registered dietitian that specializes in nutrigenomics. They can set you up for testing, which usually involves taking a swab of tissue inside of your mouth. They would then send it off for testing. A healthcare professional can help you interpret the results. But is it necessary? Here’s what you can learn from testing:
How You Metabolize Nutrients
Nutrigenomic testing can tell you how you metabolize macronutrients, like protein, fats, or carbohydrates. By knowing this, you’ll be able to make more informed choices about your diet. You can avoid foods that you don’t digest or metabolize well and eat more of those that are suitable for your genetics.
Food Intolerances
Through nutrigenomic testing, you’ll discover whether you have gene variants that affect how you digest certain dietary components. Examples are lactose and gluten. When you have this information, you can avoid these dietary components. Testing is particularly important if you have unexplained symptoms that your healthcare provider can’t find the cause of.
Genetic Predispositions
Nutrigenomic testing can also give you a better idea of whether you’re at high risk of cardiovascular disease or hypertension. With this knowledge, you can adjust your diet and lifestyle to lower your risk of developing conditions you’re at increased risk of. Knowing your susceptibilities gives you a chance to take preemptive action from a lifestyle standpoint.
Conclusion
As time goes on, you’ll see more emphasis on nutrigenomic testing. It’s a fascinating field that can give you a surprising amount of information about your health susceptibilities. The knowledge you gain may even explain undiagnosed symptoms. While there is still much to be learned, the potential benefits of nutrigenomics are significant, and it’s likely to play an increasingly significant role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.
References:
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