Yes, as this is how I trained my sister (long distance) to get back to her pre-pregnancy weight after her third child.
Because she couldn't find an hour, or even a half hour, in her day to exercise, she would skip it. I encouraged her to use any available to time to move, suggesting she do mini circuits throughout the day - but she mostly just did whatever she could.
For strength training, multi-joint exercises work best when you have minimal time. squats, lunges, leg presses, chest presses, push-ups, dips, rows... being careful not to overdo. You can do a lot in 10 minutes so rather than burn out a muscle group, do some circuits similar to what Cathe does in Boot Camp which will maximize your overall calorie burn. You can do compound movements with lighter weights (squats with a shoulder press), followed by heavier shoulder presses without squats. The possibilities are endless!
-Roe