Muscle Strength vs. Muscle Endurance: What’s the Difference?
Muscle strength is the maximal force that a muscle can generate during a contraction. Muscle endurance is the ability to lift a lighter weight multiple times without fatiguing.
To build muscle strength, you would train with a weight that fatigues the muscles after 8 to 12 reps. When lifting the weight, your muscles should feel tired after about the eighth rep, and you would only barely be able to eke out the 12th repetition. During strength training, you’re activating fast-twitch fibers and using anaerobic pathways for energy. When these fibers are forced to sustain forces they’re unaccustomed to, adaptation occurs through a process of breakdown and repair that increases the size of the fast-twitch muscle fibers.
With muscle endurance training you won’t get the same degree of muscle development and strength increases that you will when you train for strength. Muscle endurance training primarily activates slow-twitch muscle fibers that use aerobic energy pathways. They adapt by becoming more efficient at supplying oxygen to the muscles so they fatigue less rapidly. To develop muscle endurance, you would train with a lighter weight that you can lift 15 to 50 times.
It’s not an all or none thing. If you choose a weight for endurance training that you can only lift 15 to 20 times, you’ll still get some fast-twitch muscle activation and strength development. But if you use a weight you can lift 50 or more times, strength gains will be minimal, and you’ll get mostly endurance benefits.
What Are Your Goals?
The problem is some people think they’re doing a strength workout when they’re actually training for muscle endurance. Women who don’t want to “bulk up” often use lighter weights and do lots of reps. If their only goal is to build endurance, they’re on the right track. But if they hope to become stronger or build lean body mass, they need to train for strength using heavier weights and a lower number of repetitions. Women who fear bulking up have little to worry about since they don’t have the hormonal makeup to build large amounts of muscle tissue.
Why Not Do Both?
There’s no reason why you can’t incorporate both strength and muscle endurance training into your workout. Muscle endurance is no less important than muscle strength when it comes to the activities you do every day. When you lift a heavy box, you need the strength to lift it but also the endurance to carry it to the next room. If your primary goal is to build lean body mass, you won’t meet your goals doing a muscle endurance workout. Know what your objectives are, and design your strength training workout accordingly.
References:
Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance. Powers and Howley. 2009.
Related Articles By Cathe:
5 Signs You’re Not Lifting Heavy Enough and It’s Limiting Your Gains
Can You Build Strength Lifting Lighter Weights?
Do You Have to Lift Heavy Weights to Build Muscle?
Weight Training: Are You Lifting Heavy Enough?
Weight Training: Is It Better to Do More Sets?
For More Effective Workouts, Science Says You Need Exercise Variety
Why You Can Benefit from High-Rep Resistance Training
Men May Be Stronger but Women Have an Advantage Over Men in Some Capacities
3 Approaches to Weight Training and Why You Need All Three
The Best Ways to Build Muscle Endurance & Why You Should
Related Cathe Friedrich Workout DVDs:
STS Strength 90 Day Workout Program
All of Cathe’s Strength & Toning Workout DVDs
Total Body Workouts
Lower Body Workouts
Upper Body Workouts
Good article, I have often wondered about this! It would be great if Cathe’s DVDs could be indexed by strength gains vs. endurance training. I have many of them, but thinking through all of those I have, am I correct in saying that Cathe’s lifting dvds are mainly geared toward endurance?
Not really…We offer a variety of different videos, like STS, that also focus on strength.
I recently bought the older “Gym Style” DVDs as well, and I would consider those more geared toward strength gains as well.
How about the “Muscle Max” workout? Primarily, for each exercise throughout the workout there are more than 8 repetitions (usually it’s 12-15 reps. Would that make the MuscleMax workout more of a muscle endurance workout than a strength training workout?