I watched this last night from DVR, and while it was interesting to see the science, it is billed as the "truth" I found that a little misleading because it was more like half-truth.
I do not doubt the test of insulin response, but I'll have to look at look at that non responder to exercise part again, I'm not sure I agree with what they stay about non-responders to exercise, there could be other reasons for that, personal history, perhaps.
The half-truth part is you can not just ignore the effect of HIIT on other systems of the body, I believe, on the nervous system it activates & the impact it has on the circulatory system. Plain & simple, it's stress. (the highest kind of stress) It's not popular at the moment in science or industry to illustrate what is happening to you if you focus solely on HIIT for fitness & health.
What I do agree with is that he did mention being active all day, or more so all day long, although there seemed to be just a passing note on that. I think that is much more important than the interval training "science".
For top athletes & everyday people, I still believe, low intensity AEROBIC exercise, regularly & daily if possible, and an active lifestyle is the way to keep your entire body system healthy & happy. It's low stress, and balanced with healthy eating the benefits are exponential. For athletes low intensity aerobic exercise is your base, using the pyramid analogy, the base is all the stone used to build it right up to very near the top, HIIT is the capstone, that is all it is. You don't even need the capstone to do very, very well. And not at all if you're not competing. But if you're going for that world championship or gold medal, and if your sport is anaerobic, in nature, you might.
I think if you really want to see an improvement in health & fitness you would have do a long term study, like 5 years or 10, you would want to compare aerobic exercise & HIIT side by side. The other part would be to add diet into that, because I believe that certain foods also increase circulatory system & bone health. So four part, aerobic vs. anaerobic exercise, plant based diet vs. "average" diet. And the various combinations. You would think with all this technology, we could do studies like that.
There is no short test, no quick solution, to how to live a long happy healthy life. IMO. I just think the more time you put into it, the more you get out of it, and the easier it is.
Whoever said nothing easy ever mattered, was wrong. It is easy.