Yes and no....
I run on a treadmill for 5-10 miles at a time, every other day or so, and if anything my quads have gotten smaller. It really helps to burn the fat on the legs and reveal the muscle. Running will give you nice lean legs. To build mass, you would need to do more weight training on the legs. However, doing all-out effort on sprints can and will build leg strength, mass and increase speed. Intervals where you run comfortable and then high-tail it in a full sprint as fast as you can will not only put you in HIIT training but really tone and build the leg muscles...so I guess if you are sprinting, and I don't just mean running fast, but really sprinting to where you can only maintain that pace for 10-15 seconds, then yes you can build your quads. Have you ever seen the legs of an olympic sprinter??? They are beautiful....